.TH pacman 8 "January 21, 2006" "Frugalware User Manual" "" .SH NAME pacman \- package manager utility .SH SYNOPSIS \fBpacman <operation> [options] <package> [package] ...\fP .SH DESCRIPTION \fBpacman\fP is a \fIpackage management\fP utility that tracks installed packages on a linux system. It has simple dependency support and the ability to connect to a remote ftp server and automatically upgrade packages on the local system. pacman package are \fIbzipped tar\fP format. .SH OPERATIONS .TP .B "\-A, \-\-add" Add a package to the system. Package will be uncompressed into the installation root and the database will be updated. .TP .B "\-F, \-\-freshen" This is like --upgrade except that, unlike --upgrade, this will only upgrade packages that are already installed on your system. .TP .B "\-Q, \-\-query" Query the package database. This operation allows you to view installed packages and their files, as well as meta-info about individual packages (dependencies, conflicts, install date, build date, size). This can be run against the local package database or can be used on individual .fpm packages. See \fBQUERY OPTIONS\fP below. .TP .B "\-c, \-\-changelog" View the changelog of a package. .TP .B "\-R, \-\-remove" Remove a package from the system. Files belonging to the specified package will be deleted, and the database will be updated. Most configuration files will be saved with a \fI.pacsave\fP extension unless the \fB--nosave\fP option was used. .TP .B "\-S, \-\-sync" Synchronize packages. With this function you can install packages directly from the ftp servers, complete with all dependencies required to run the packages. For example, \fBpacman -S qt\fP will download qt and all the packages it depends on and install them. You could also use \fBpacman -Su\fP to upgrade all packages that are out of date (see below). .TP .B "\-U, \-\-upgrade" Upgrade a package. This is essentially a "remove-then-add" process. See \fBHANDLING CONFIG FILES\fP for an explanation on how pacman takes care of config files. .TP .B "\-V, \-\-version" Display version and exit. .TP .B "\-h, \-\-help" Display syntax for the given operation. If no operation was supplied then the general syntax is shown. .SH OPTIONS .TP .B "\-d, \-\-nodeps" Skips all dependency checks. Normally, pacman will always check a package's dependency fields to ensure that all dependencies are installed and there are no package conflicts in the system. This switch disables these checks. .TP .B "\-f, \-\-force" Bypass file conflict checks, overwriting conflicting files. If the package that is about to be installed contains files that are already installed, this option will cause all those files to be overwritten. This option should be used with care, ideally not at all. .TP .B "\-r, \-\-root <path>" Specify alternative installation root (default is "/"). This should \fInot\fP be used as a way to install software into e.g. /usr/local instead of /usr. Instead this should be used if you want to install a package on a temporary mounted partition, which is "owned" by another system. By using this option you not only specify where the software should be installed, but you also specify which package database to use. .TP .B "\-v, \-\-verbose" Output more status and error messages. .TP .B "\-\-config <path>" Specify an alternate configuration file. .TP .B "\-\-noconfirm" Bypass any and all "Are you sure?" messages. It's not a good idea to do this unless you want to run pacman from a script. .TP .B "\-\-ask <number>" Finetune the --noconfirm switch by not answering "yes" to all libalpm questions, but you are able to specify yes/no for all type of libalpm questions. The types are the followings: .nf The given package is in IgnorePkg. (1) Replace package foo with bar? (2) foo conflicts with bar. Remove bar? (4) Do you want to delete the corrupted package? (8) Local version is newer. (16) Local version is up to date. (32) .fi Select for what types do you want to answer yes, sum up the values and use the result as a parameter to this option. .TP .B "\-\-noprogressbar" Do not show a progress bar when downloading files. This can be useful for scripts that call pacman and capture the output. .SH SYNC OPTIONS .TP .B "\-c, \-\-clean" Remove old packages from the cache. When pacman downloads packages, it saves them in \fI/var/cache/pacman/pkg\fP. If you need to free up diskspace, you can remove these packages by using the --clean option. Using one --clean (or -c) switch will only remove \fIold\fP packages. Use it twice to remove \fIall\fP packages from the cache. .TP .B "\-e, \-\-dependsonly" Don't install the packages itself, only their dependencies. This can be handy if you want to install the packages themselves with different options or from source. .TP .B "\-g, \-\-groups" Display all the members for each package group specified. If no group names are provided, all groups will be listed. .TP .B "\-i, \-\-info" Display dependency information for a given package. This will search through all repositories for a matching package and display the dependencies, conflicts, etc. .TP .B "\-l, \-\-list" List all files in the specified repositories. Multiple repositories can be specified on the command line. .TP .B "\-p, \-\-print-uris" Print out URIs for each package that will be installed, including any dependencies that have yet to be installed. These can be piped to a file and downloaded at a later time, using a program like wget. .TP .B "\-s, \-\-search <regexp>" This will search each package in the package list for names or descriptions that contains <regexp>. .TP .B "\-u, \-\-sysupgrade" Upgrades all packages that are out of date. pacman will examine every package installed on the system, and if a newer package exists on the server it will upgrade. pacman will present a report of all packages it wants to upgrade and will not proceed without user confirmation. Dependencies are automatically resolved at this level and will be installed/upgraded if necessary. .TP .B "\-w, \-\-downloadonly" Retrieve all packages from the server, but do not install/upgrade anything. .TP .B "\-y, \-\-refresh" Download a fresh copy of the master package list from the ftp server defined in \fI/etc/pacman.conf\fP. This should typically be used each time you use \fB--sysupgrade\fP. .TP .B "\-\-ignore <pkg>" This option functions exactly the same as the \fBIgnorePkg\fP configuration directive. Sometimes it can be handy to skip some package updates without having to edit \fIpacman.conf\fP each time. .SH REMOVE OPTIONS .TP .B "\-c, \-\-cascade" Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one or more target packages. This operation is recursive. .TP .B "\-k, \-\-keep" Removes the database entry only. Leaves all files in place. .TP .B "\-n, \-\-nosave" Instructs pacman to ignore file backup designations. Normally, when a file is about to be \fIremoved\fP from the system the database is first checked to see if the file should be renamed to a .pacsave extension. If \fB--nosave\fP is used, these designations are ignored and the files are removed. .TP .B "\-s, \-\-recursive" For each target specified, remove it and all its dependencies, provided that (A) they are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not explicitly installed by the user. This option is analagous to a backwards --sync operation. .SH QUERY OPTIONS .TP .B "\-e, \-\-orphans" List all packages that were installed as a dependency (ie, not installed explicitly) and are not required by any other packages. .TP .B "\-g, \-\-groups" Display all groups that a specified package is part of. If no package names are provided, all groups and members will be listed. .TP .B "\-i, \-\-info" Display information on a given package. If it is used with the \fB-p\fP option then the .PKGINFO file will be printed. .TP .B "\-l, \-\-list" List all files owned by <package>. Multiple packages can be specified on the command line. .TP .B "\-m, \-\-foreign" List all packages that were not found in the sync database(s). Typically these are packages that were downloaded manually and installed with --add. .TP .B "\-o, \-\-owns <file>" Search for the package that owns <file>. .TP .B "\-p, \-\-file" Tells pacman that the package supplied on the command line is a file, not an entry in the database. Pacman will decompress the file and query it. This is useful with \fB--info\fP and \fB--list\fP. .TP .B "\-s, \-\-search <regexp>" This will search each locally-installed package for names or descriptions that contains <regexp>. .SH HANDLING CONFIG FILES pacman uses the same logic as rpm to determine action against files that are designated to be backed up. During an upgrade, it uses 3 md5 hashes for each backup file to determine the required action: one for the original file installed, one for the new file that's about to be installed, and one for the actual file existing on the filesystem. After comparing these 3 hashes, the follow scenarios can result: .TP original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBX\fP, new=\fBX\fP All three files are the same, so we win either way. Install the new file. .TP original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBX\fP, new=\fBY\fP The current file is un-altered from the original but the new one is different. Since the user did not ever modify the file, and the new one may contain improvements/bugfixes, we install the new file. .TP original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBY\fP, new=\fBX\fP Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one on the filesystem has been modified since. In this case, we leave the current file in place. .TP original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBY\fP, new=\fBY\fP The new one is identical to the current one. Win win. Install the new file. .TP original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBY\fP, new=\fBZ\fP All three files are different, so we install the new file with a .pacnew extension and warn the user, so she can manually move the file into place after making any necessary customizations. .SH CONFIGURATION pacman will attempt to read \fI/etc/pacman.conf\fP each time it is invoked. This configuration file is divided into sections or \fIrepositories\fP. Each section defines a package repository that pacman can use when searching for packages in --sync mode. The exception to this is the \fIoptions\fP section, which defines global options. .TP .SH Example: .RS .nf [options] NoUpgrade = etc/passwd etc/group etc/shadow NoUpgrade = etc/fstab Include = /etc/pacman.d/current [custom] Server = file:///home/pkgs .fi .RE .SH CONFIG: OPTIONS .TP .B "DBPath = path/to/db/dir" Overrides the default location of the toplevel database directory. The default is \fIvar/lib/pacman\fP. .TP .B "CacheDir = path/to/cache/dir" Overrides the default location of the package cache directory. The default is \fIvar/cache/pacman\fP. .TP .B "HoldPkg = <package> [package] ..." If a user tries to \fB--remove\fP a package that's listed in HoldPkg, pacman will ask for confirmation before proceeding. .TP .B "IgnorePkg = <package> [package] ..." Instructs pacman to ignore any upgrades for this package when performing a \fB--sysupgrade\fP. .TP .B "UpgradeDelay = <number>" Upgrade only the packages that are at least <number> days old when performing a \fB--sysupgrade\fP. .TP .B "Include = <path>" Include another config file. This config file can include repositories or general configuration options. .TP .B "ProxyServer = <host|ip>[:port]" If set, pacman will use this proxy server for all ftp/http transfers. .TP .B "XferCommand = /path/to/command %u" If set, pacman will use this external program to download all remote files. All instances of \fB%u\fP will be replaced with the URL to be downloaded. If present, instances of \fB%o\fP will be replaced with the local filename, plus a ".part" extension, which allows programs like wget to do file resumes properly. This option is useful for users who experience problems with pacman's built-in http/ftp support, or need the more advanced proxy support that comes with utilities like wget. .TP .B "NoPassiveFtp" Disables passive ftp connections when downloading packages. (aka Active Mode) .TP .B "NoUpgrade = <file> [file] ..." All files listed with a \fBNoUpgrade\fP directive will never be touched during a package install/upgrade. \fINote:\fP do not include the leading slash when specifying files. .TP .B "NoExtract = <file> [file] ..." All files listed with a \fBNoExtract\fP directive will never be extracted from a package into the filesystem. This can be useful when you don't want part of a package to be installed. For example, if your httpd root uses an index.php, then you would not want the index.html file to be extracted from the apache package. .TP .B "UseSyslog" Log action messages through syslog(). This will insert pacman log entries into your /var/log/messages or equivalent. .TP .B "LogFile = /path/to/file" Log actions directly to a file, usually /var/log/pacman.log. .SH CONFIG: REPOSITORIES Each repository section defines a section name and at least one location where the packages can be found. The section name is defined by the string within square brackets (eg, the two above are 'current' and 'custom'). Locations are defined with the \fIServer\fP directive and follow a URL naming structure. Currently only ftp is supported for remote servers. If you want to use a local directory, you can specify the full path with a 'file://' prefix, as shown above. .SH USING YOUR OWN REPOSITORY Let's say you have a bunch of custom packages in \fI/home/pkgs\fP and their respective FrugalBuild files are all in \fI/var/fst/local\fP. All you need to do is generate a compressed package database in the \fI/home/pkgs\fP directory so pacman can find it when run with --refresh. .RS .nf # gensync /var/fst/local /home/pkgs/custom.fdb .fi .RE The above command will read all FrugalBuild files in /var/fst/local and generate a compressed database called /home/pkgs/custom.fdb. Note that the database must be of the form \fI{treename}.fdb\fP, where {treename} is the name of the section defined in the configuration file. That's it! Now configure your \fIcustom\fP section in the configuration file as shown in the config example above. Pacman will now use your package repository. If you add new packages to the repository, remember to re-generate the database and use pacman's --refresh option. .SH SEE ALSO \fBmakepkg\fP is the package-building tool that comes with pacman. .SH AUTHOR .nf Judd Vinet <jvinet@zeroflux.org> and the Frugalware developers <frugalware-devel@frugalware.org> .fi