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Diffstat (limited to 'docs')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/README.altbootmethods | 128 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/README.bootparams | 127 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/README.build | 112 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/README.knowissues | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/README.transfer | 122 |
5 files changed, 505 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/README.altbootmethods b/docs/README.altbootmethods new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebe1c6e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/README.altbootmethods @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +INDEX +----- + +* Alternative boot methods (configs/releng) + * ISO in loopback mode + * ISO in memdisk mode + * Network booting (PXE) [first stage] + * DHCP + TFTP + * DHCP + HTTP + * HTTP/NFS/NBD [second stage] + + + +*** Alternative boot methods (configs/releng) + +ISO images names consist of: archlinux-<YYYY>.<MM>.<DD>-<ARCH>.iso + +Where: + <YYYY> Year + <MM> Month + <DD> Day + <ARCH> i686 | x86_64 | dual(*) + +(*) "dual" includes both i686 and x86_64 architectures. + + +** ISO in loopback mode. + +Note: Described method is for using with GRUB2. + GRUB2 is installed on target media and archlinux-<YYYY>.<MM>.<DD>-<ARCH>.iso + is at path <TARGET-PATH> on disk <D> and partition <P>, + where filesystem is labeled as <TARGET-FS-LABEL>. + +menuentry "Arch Linux (x86_64)" { + set isofile="/<TARGET-PATH>/archlinux-<YYYY>.<MM>.<DD>-<ARCH>.iso" + loopback loop (hd<D>,<P>)$isofile + linux (loop)/arch/boot/x86_64/vmlinuz archisolabel=<FS-LABEL> img_label=<TARGET-FS-LABEL> img_loop=$isofile + initrd (loop)/arch/boot/x86_64/archiso.img +} + +menuentry "Arch Linux (i686)" { + set isofile="/<TARGET-PATH>/archlinux-<YYYY>.<MM>.<DD>-<ARCH>.iso" + loopback loop (hd<D>,<P>)$isofile + linux (loop)/arch/boot/i686/vmlinuz archisolabel=<FS-LABEL> img_label=<TARGET-FS-LABEL> img_loop=$isofile + initrd (loop)/arch/boot/i686/archiso.img +} + + +** ISO in memdisk mode. + +Note: Described method is for using with SYSLINUX. Anyway MEMDISK from SYSLINUX can work + with other bootloaders. + SYSLINUX is installed on target media and archlinux-<YYYY>.<MM>.<DD>-<ARCH>.iso + is at path <TARGET-PATH>. + On 32-bit systems, is needed to pass vmalloc=nnM to the kernel, where nn is the size + of the ISO image plus 64 MiB (or 128 MiB). + + +LABEL arch_x64 + LINUX memdisk + INITRD /<TARGET-PATH>/archlinux-<YYYY>.<MM>.<DD>-<ARCH>.iso + APPEND iso + +LABEL arch_x32 + LINUX memdisk + INITRD /<TARGET-PATH>/archlinux-<YYYY>.<MM>.<DD>-<ARCH>.iso + APPEND iso + + +** Network booting (PXE). + +All ISOs are ready to act as PXE server, some manual steps are needed +to setup the desired PXE boot mode. +Alternatively it is possible to use an existing PXE server following the same logic. +Note: Setup network first, adjust IP adresses, and respect all slashes "/". + +First stage is for loading kernel and initramfs via PXE, two methods described here: + +* DHCP + TFTP + +Note: All NIC firmwares should support this. + +# dnsmasq --port=0 \ + --enable-tftp \ + --tftp-root=/run/archiso/bootmnt \ + --dhcp-range=192.168.0.2,192.168.0.254,86400 \ + --dhcp-boot=/arch/boot/syslinux/gpxelinux.0 \ + --dhcp-option-force=209,boot/syslinux/archiso.cfg \ + --dhcp-option-force=210,/arch/ + +* DHCP + HTTP + +Note: Not all NIC firmware supports HTTP and DNS (if domain name is used). + At least this works with iPXE and gPXE. + +# dnsmasq --port=0 \ + --dhcp-range=192.168.0.2,192.168.0.254,86400 \ + --dhcp-boot=http://192.168.0.7/arch/boot/syslinux/gpxelinux.0 \ + --dhcp-option-force=209,boot/syslinux/archiso.cfg \ + --dhcp-option-force=210,http://192.168.0.7/arch/ + + +Once the kernel is started from PXE, SquashFS files and other misc files +inside "arch" directory must be loaded (second stage). One of the following +methods can be used to serve the rest of live-medium. + +* HTTP + +# darkhttpd /run/archiso/bootmnt + + +* NFS + +# echo "/run/archiso/bootmnt 192.168.0.*(ro,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)" >> /etc/exports +# rc.d start rpcbind nfs-common nfs-server + + +* NBD + +Note: Adjust ARCH_201207 as needed. + +# cat << EOF > /tmp/nbd-server.conf +[generic] +[archiso] + readonly = true + exportname = /dev/disk/by-label/ARCH_201207 +EOF +# nbd-server -C /tmp/nbd-server.conf diff --git a/docs/README.bootparams b/docs/README.bootparams new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13e1ead --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/README.bootparams @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +INDEX +----- + +* Boot parameters (initramfs stage) + * hooks/archiso + * hooks/archiso_pxe_common + * hooks/archiso_pxe_nbd + * hooks/archiso_pxe_http + * hooks/archiso_pxe_nfs + * hooks/archiso_loop_mnt + + + +*** Boot parameters (initramfs stage) + +** hooks/archiso + +* archisolabel= Set the filesystem label where archiso files reside. + Default: (unset) +* archisodevice= Set the device node where archiso medium is located. + Default: "/dev/disk/by-label/${archisolabel}" +* archisobasedir= Set the base directory where all files reside. + Default: "arch" +* aitab= Set the path for "aitab" file. + Default: ${archisobasedir}/aitab +* copytoram= If set to "y" or just "copytoram" without arguments, + all SquashFS are copied to "RAM". + Default: (unset) +* checksum= If set to "y" or just "checksum" without arguments, + performs a self-test of all files inside ${install_dir}, + and continue booting if ok. + Default: (unset) +* cow_label= Set the filesystem label where COW (dm-snapshot) + files must be stored. + Default: (unset) +* cow_device= Set the device node where COW (dm-snapshot) files + must be stored. + Default: (unset) or "/dev/disk/by-label/${cow_label}" +* cow_directory= Set a directory inside ${cow_device}. + Default: "/persistent_${archisolabel}/${arch}" +* cow_persistent= Set if snapshots are persistent "P" or non-persistent "N". + Default: "N" (if no ${cow_device} is used) otherwise "P". +* cowspace_size= Set the size of tmpfs /cowspace. This space is used for + Copy-On-Write files of dm-snapshot. + Size is in bytes (suffix with "k", "m" and "g") or + in percentage of available RAM. + Default: "75%" +* cowfile_size= Set the size for all files to be used as COW (dm-snapshot), + in percentage of the ro-device.fs file. This is mostly useful + when cow_device= is used and filesystem does not support + sparse files (ie VFAT). + Default: "100%" +* copytoram_size= Set the size of tmpfs. This space is used for + copy of all SquashFS images used, if copytoram=y. + Size is in bytes (suffix with "k", "m" and "g") or + in percentage of available RAM. + Default: "75%" +* dm_snap_prefix= Set a prefix for device-mapper snapshot node names. + Default: "arch" +* arch= Force an architecture type (i686 | x86_64). + Do not set it for normal operations. + Useful for running a 64 bit kernel / 32 bit userspace. + Default: (architecture of running kernel) + + +** hooks/archiso_pxe_common + +* ip= This parameter is setup automatically by PXELINUX + when option "IPAPPEND" is set to 1 or 2 in config. + ip=<client-ip>:<boot-server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask> + Default: (set via PXE server) +* BOOTIF= This parameter is setup automatically by PXELINUX + when option "IPAPPEND" is set to 2 or 3 in config. + BOOTIF=<hardware-address-of-boot-interface> + Default: (set via PXELINUX) +* copy_resolvconf= Copy /etc/resolv.conf from initramfs to live-enviroment. + Set to "n" to skip them. + Default: "y" + + +** hooks/archiso_pxe_nbd + +* archiso_nbd_name= Set NBD export name used by the server. + Default: archiso +* archiso_nbd_srv= Set an IP address where NBD reside. + If ${pxeserver} is used, PXE IP will be used. + Default: (unset) + + +** hooks/archiso_pxe_http + +* archiso_http_srv= Set an HTTP URL (must end with /) where ${archisobasedir} + is found with all *.sfs files. + In the IP/domain part if ${pxeserver} is used, use PXE IP. + Default: (unset) +* archiso_http_spc= Set the size of tmpfs where *.sfs files are downloaded. + Default: "75%" + + +** hooks/archiso_pxe_nfs + +* archiso_nfs_srv= Set the NFS-IP:/path of the server + In the IP part if ${pxeserver} is used, PXE IP will be used. + Default: (unset) +* archiso_nfs_opt= Set NFS mount options separated by comma. + Default: (unset, see below) + These are the implicit options: + port = as given by server portmap daemon + rsize = 1024 + wsize = 1024 + timeo = 7 + retrans = 3 + acregmin = 3 + acregmax = 60 + acdirmin = 30 + acdirmax = 60 + flags = hard, nointr, noposix, cto, ac + + +** hooks/archiso_loop_mnt + +* img_label= Set the filesystem label where archiso-image.iso. + Default: (unset) +* img_dev= Device where archiso-image.iso reside. + Default: (unset) or "/dev/disk/by-label/${img_label}" +* img_loop= Full path where archiso-image.iso is located on ${img_dev} + Default: (unset) diff --git a/docs/README.build b/docs/README.build new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a3d709 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/README.build @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +INDEX +----- + +* Build requirements +* Image types generated by mkarchiso. +* File format for aitab. +* Why the /isolinux and /arch/boot/syslinux directories? +* Building the most basic Arch Linux live media. (configs/baseline) +* Building official Arch Linux live media. (configs/releng) + + + +*** Build requirements + +** For mkarchiso script needs these packages (build host): + + squashfs-tools for mksquashfs + + libisoburn for xorriso + + btrfs-progs for mkfs.btrfs (optional) + +** For configs/releng build.sh needs theses packages (build host): + + dosfstools for mkfs.vfat + + patch for patch + + lynx for fetching the latest installation guide + +** For these hooks needs these packages (on target root-image) +* archiso + + (none) +* archiso_loop_mnt + + (none) +* archiso_pxe_common + + mkinitcpio-nfs-utils for ipconfig +* archiso_pxe_nbd + + nbd for nbd-client +* archiso_pxe_http + + curl for curl +* archiso_pxe_nfs + + mkinitcpio-nfs-utils for nfsmount +* archiso_shutdown + + (none) + + +*** Image types generated by mkarchiso. + +* image-name.sfs SquashFS image with all files directly on it. +* image-name.fs.sfs SquashFS with only one file inside (image-name.fs), + which is an image of some type of filesystem + (ext4, ext3, ext2, xfs), all files reside on it. + + +*** File format for aitab. + +The aitab file holds information about the filesystems images that must be +created by mkarchiso and mounted at initramfs stage from the archiso hook. +It consists of some fields which define the behaviour of images. + +# <img> <mnt> <arch> <sfs_comp> <fs_type> <fs_size> + +<img> Image name without extension (.fs .fs.sfs .sfs). +<mnt> Mount point. +<arch> Architecture { i686 | x86_64 | any }. +<sfs_comp> SquashFS compression type { gzip | lzo | xz }. +<fs_type> Set the filesystem type of the image + { ext4 | ext3 | ext2 | xfs | btrfs }. + A special value of "none" denotes no usage of a filesystem. + In that case all files are pushed directly to SquashFS filesystem. +<fs_size> An absolute value of file system image size in MiB. + (example: 100, 1000, 4096, etc) + A relative value of file system free space [in percent]. + {1%..99%} (example 50%, 10%, 7%). + This is an estimation, and calculated in a simple way. + Space used + 10% (estimated for metadata overhead) + desired % + + +*** Why the /isolinux and /arch/boot/syslinux directories? + +The /isolinux directory holds files needed for the ISOLINUX boot loader +module of SYSLINUX. ISOLINUX can not find config files on +/arch/boot/syslinux, like other boot loaders modules (EXTLINUX, SYSLINUX, etc). +When make your custom boot-pendrive, you need to copy /arch directory to it. +/isolinux/isolinux.cfg just holds /arch/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg + + + +*** Building the most basic Arch Linux live media. (configs/baseline) + +* Install needed packages. + # pacman -S git make squashfs-tools libisoburn rsync --needed + +* Install archiso. + # git clone git://projects.archlinux.org/archiso.git + # make -C archiso install + +* Build a basic iso. + # /usr/share/archiso/configs/baseline/build.sh + +Note: If you want to customize, just see the configs/releng directory which is +used to build official images with much more things. + + +*** Building official Arch Linux live media. (configs/releng) + +* Install needed packages. + # pacman -S git make squashfs-tools libisoburn dosfstools lynx patch --needed + +* Install archiso. + # git clone git://projects.archlinux.org/archiso.git + # make -C archiso install + +* Build them! + # /usr/share/archiso/configs/releng/build.sh build all + +Note: See build.sh -h for more options. diff --git a/docs/README.knowissues b/docs/README.knowissues new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24bfa41 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/README.knowissues @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +*** Know issues + +** (1) On shutdown lots of messages from systemd like: + + "Could not unmount /run/archiso/<ABC>: Device or resource busy" + "Could not delete loopback /dev/loop<N>: Device or resource busy" + This is not a real issue since, all mounted filesystem, loopback devices + and device mapper devices made by archiso will be "free" on "shutdown tmpfs" + (A.K.A deinitramfs), build at initramfs by [archiso_shutdown] initcpio hook. + Proper shutdown is mostly important when persistent is used. + +** (2) syslinux 4.05 bug with relative directories on FAT: + + "Could not find kernel image: boot/syslinux/whichsys.c32" + This should be fixed in 4.06. For now, workaround with: + sed -i "s|../../|/arch|" /<MNT-TARGET-N>/arch/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg diff --git a/docs/README.transfer b/docs/README.transfer new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9654b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/README.transfer @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +INDEX +----- + +* Transfer ISO file to target medium (configs/releng) + * To -> CD / DVD / BD + * To -> USB-key / SD / HDD / SSD + * PC-BIOS (MBR) + * PC-BIOS (ISOHYBRID-MBR) + * PC-EFI (GPT) [x86_64 only] + + + +*** Transfer ISO image to target medium (configs/releng) + +ISO images names consist of: archlinux-<YYYY>.<MM>.<DD>-<ARCH>.iso + +Where: + <YYYY> Year + <MM> Month + <DD> Day + <ARCH> i686 | x86_64 | dual(*) + +(*) "dual" includes both i686 and x86_64 architectures. + + +** To -> CD / DVD / BD + +Note: All ISO images are booteable on a PC-BIOS via "El Torito" in no-emulation mode, + All x86_64 ISO images are booteable on a PC-EFI via "El Torito" in no-emulation mode. + +Nomeclature: + <B> scsibus number + <T> target number + <L> lun number + (Note: see cdrecord -scanbus, for these numbers) + + +1) Write it directly using your favorite recording program. +# cdrecord dev=<B>,<T>,<L> -dao archlinux-<YYYY>.<MM>.<DD>-<ARCH>.iso + + +** To -> USB Flash Drive (USB-key) / Memory card (SD) / + Hard-Disk Drive (HDD) / Solid-State Drive (SSD) + +Note: These steps are the general workflow, you can skip some of them, + using another filesystem if your bootloader supports it, + installing to another directory than "arch/" or using more than + one partition. Just ensure that main boot params options + (archisolabel= and archisobasedir=) are set correctly according to your setup. + +Nomeclature: +<DEV-TARGET>: Device node of the drive where ISO contents should be copied + (example: /dev/sdx) +<DEV-TARGET-N>: Device node of the partition on <DEV-TARGET> + (example: /dev/sdx1) +<MNT-TARGET-N>: Mount point path where <DEV-TARGET-N> is mounted + (example: /mnt/sdx/1) +<ISO-SOURCE>: Path to the ISO file archlinux-<YYYY>.<MM>.<DD>-<ARCH>.iso + (example: ~/archlinux-2012.07.22-x86_64.iso) +<FS-LABEL>: Represents the filesystem label of the <ISO-SOURCE> + (example: ARCH_201207 [for all ~/archlinux-2012.07.*.iso]) + + +* PC-BIOS (MBR): + +Note: Using here a MBR partition mode as example, but GPT should also works + if machine firmware is not broken. + Just ensure that partition is set with attribute "2: legacy BIOS bootable" + and use gptmbr.bin instead of mbr.bin for syslinux. + +1) Create one partition entry in MBR (of type "b" for FAT32 or "83" for EXTFS) + and mark it as "active" (bootable). +# fdisk <DEV-TARGET> + +2) Create a FAT32 or EXTFS filesystem on such partition and setup a label. +# mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n <FS-LABEL> <DEV-TARGET-N> +# mkfs.ext4 -L <FS-LABEL> <DEV-TARGET-N> + +3) Mount target filesystem. +# mount <DEV-TARGET-N> <MNT-TARGET-N> + +4) Extract ISO image on target filesystem. +# bsdtar -x --exclude=isolinux/ --exclude=EFI/ --exclude=loader/ -f <ISO-SOURCE> -C <MNT-TARGET-N> + +5) Install syslinux bootloader on target filesystem. (See know issue (2) if using FAT) +# extlinux -i <MNT-TARGET-N>/arch/boot/syslinux + +6) Unmount target filesystem. +# umount <MNT-TARGET-N> + +7) Install syslinux MBR boot code on target drive. +# dd bs=440 count=1 conv=notrunc if=/usr/lib/syslinux/mbr.bin of=<DEV-TARGET> + + +* PC-BIOS (ISOHYBRID-MBR): + +Note: This method is the most easily, quick and dirty, but is the most limited + if you want to use your target medium for other purposes. + +1) Dump ISO file to target medium. +# dd if=<ISO-SOURCE> of=<DEV-TARGET> + + +* PC-EFI (GPT) [x86_64 only] + +Note: Using here a GPT partition mode as example, but MBR should also works + if machine firmware is not broken. + +1) Create one partition entry in GPT (of type "ef00") +# gdisk <DEV-TARGET> + +2) Create a FAT32 filesystem on such partition and setup a label. +# mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n <FS-LABEL> <DEV-TARGET-N> + +3) Mount target filesystem. +# mount <DEV-TARGET-N> <MNT-TARGET-N> + +4) Extract ISO image on target filesystem. +# bsdtar -x --exclude=isolinux/ --exclude=EFI/archiso/ --exclude=arch/boot/syslinux/ -f <ISO-SOURCE> -C <MNT-TARGET-N> + +5) Unmount target filesystem. +# umount <MNT-TARGET-N> |